MOSCOW — Russian President Vladimir Putin on Thursday signed a bill that punishes online searches for information officially branded “extremist,” the latest in a series of moves by authorities to tighten control of the internet.
The legislation, which has been approved by both houses of parliament earlier this month, makes what it describes as “deliberately searching for and accessing extremist materials” online punishable by a fine of up to the equivalent of $60.
In Russia, the official definition of extremist activity is extremely broad and includes opposition groups like the Anti-Corruption Foundation, created by the late opposition leader Alexei Navalny, and the “international LGBTQ+ movement.”
It’s not clear how authorities will track down violators.
Officials and lawmakers said ordinary internet users won’t be affected and that only those who methodically seek outlawed content will be targeted. They did not explain how authorities would differentiate between them.
Russians widely use VPN services for access to banned content, but authorities have sought to tighten restrictions and close the loopholes. The state communications watchdog has increasingly used technology to analyze traffic and block specific VPN protocols.
Russian authorities have ramped up their multipronged crackdown on dissent after sending troops into Ukraine in February 2022.
Since then, online censorship and prosecutions for social media posts and comments have soared. Multiple independent news outlets and rights groups have been shut down, labeled as “foreign agents” or outlawed as “undesirable.” Hundreds of activists and critics of the Kremlin have faced criminal charges.